Items

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  Carlebach, Hermann, residing in Tel Aviv, Israel, reparations file.

  Hermann Carlebach, residing in Tel Aviv, Israel, was imprisoned in the Buchenwald concentration camp following the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 1938. Released on the condition that he would sell his properties and emigrate, he moved to Palestine in 1939. He sought restitution for real estate at Freiligrathstrasse 44 and 46, sold under duress on May 3, 1934; for real estate at Schwalbacherstrasse 52, sold under duress on December 7, 1938, during his imprisonment; and for real estate at Hohenstaufenstrasse 7, sold under duress on March 14, 1941, after he had already emigrated. A court decision on August 19, 1953, ordered Hermann Carlebach to pay DM 5,691.67 to the acquirers of the Schwalbacherstrasse 52 property, the Reinhard couple, for their investments; this decision was later overturned on appeal on December 4, 1953. A subsequent decision on January 27, 1955, ordered the applicant to pay DM 3,006.71 to the Reinhard couple. On March 5, 1954, the State Office for Property Control and Restitution awarded Hermann Carlebach RM 11,374.92 as compensation for the Jewish Property Levy confiscated from the sale proceeds of the Schwalbacherstrasse 52 property. The United Restitution Organization (URO) offices in Tel Aviv and Frankfurt am Main, along with the Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), handled the applicant's claims. His wife Rosalie Carlebach is a co-heir in the case and has her own claims at her case.
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  Frimmermann, Chaim, residing in Tel Aviv, Israel, reparations file.

  Chaim Frimmermann, born in Stopnice, Poland, and later a resident of Tel Aviv, Israel, sought compensation for harm to liberty and health suffered during the Nazi era. A cutter who had lived in Lodz since 1918, he was a Polish soldier at the start of World War II. His persecution included forced labor in Lodz (September 1939 - April 1940), incarceration in the Lodz Ghetto (April 1940 - July 1944), Auschwitz concentration camp (July 1944 - January 1945), Jaworzno concentration camp, and Blechhammer concentration camp, from which he was liberated in January 1945. After liberation, he traveled via Italy to Israel, arriving in June 1946. He was awarded several compensations: DM 6,300 in 1955, a supplementary DM 2,100 in 1956, and an additional DM 750 in 1959, with a further claim under the Hardship Fund (§ 165 BEG). The United Restitution Organization (URO) offices in Tel Aviv (Miltam) and Frankfurt am Main handled his case, and the Irgun Olej Merkaz Europa (IOME) provided a certificate of need. Two possible relatives of the applicant, Abraham (AZ 4000/1715) and Chaim (AZ 4000/1307) Frimmermann, are mentioned having their own claims for compensation.
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  Rosenbaum (née Silberberg), Adela, residing in Tel Aviv, Israel, reparations file.

  Adela Rosenbaum (née Silberberg), born in Sosnowiec, Poland, on March 25, 1927, and later a resident of Tel Aviv, Israel, sought compensation for multiple forms of Nazi persecution. She claimed compensation for harm to liberty due to being forced to wear the Jewish badge in Sosnowiec (from September 1939) and subsequent imprisonment in the Srodula ghetto (early 1943 - summer 1943), and the Auschwitz (summer 1943 - January 1945), Ravensbrück (January 1945 - April 1945), and Neustadt-Gleve (April 1945 - May 1945) concentration camps. She also sought compensation for forced labor in a furrier shop (Dietel) in Sosnowiec (1942 - 1943) and a weaving mill in Auschwitz (1944 - 1945). Additionally, she filed a claim for harm to life on behalf of her father, Schmuel Silberberg, who went missing after his deportation from Sosnowiec in 1942; her mother was Rosa Silberberg, née Telner. Adela was liberated by American forces in May 1945, returned to Sosnowiec, and immigrated to Israel in October 1950. In 1957, she was awarded DM 9,750 for 65 months of imprisonment. The case was handled by the URO in Frankfurt and Koblenz, MILTAM in Tel Aviv, and the Compensation Treuhand G.M.B.H.
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  Carlebach (née Naumann), Rosaly, residing in Tel Aviv, Israel, reparations file.

  Rosaly Carlebach, residing in Tel Aviv, Israel, sought restitution for household items, precious metal items and jewelry, monetary assets, bank securities, and compensation for punitive taxes paid (Judenvermögensabgabe) and insurance, all previously belonging to her mother, Mathilde Naumann, who went missing following her deportation from Wiesbaden to Theresienstadt on September 1, 1942, and then to Auschwitz on May 15, 1944. Compensation was also claimed for harm to liberty suffered by Mathilde Naumann, who was forced to wear the Yellow Badge in Wiesbaden from September 19, 1941, until her deportation. Restitution was also sought for assets belonging to Rosaly's sister, Margarete Naumann, who was deported from Wiesbaden to the East on June 10, 1942. After Rosaly Carlebach's death on February 16, 1958, her husband Hermann Carlebach and their four children continued the claims. The heirs were granted DM 6,450 for harm to liberty on September 4, 1958, and a settlement of DM 177.94 for the Judenvermögensabgabe on April 22, 1964. The United Restitution Organization offices in Tel Aviv and Frankfurt am Main were involved in the case.
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  Carlebach, Hermann, residing in Bne Brak, Israel, reparations file.

  Hermann Carlebach, a former merchant from Frankfurt am Main, and his wife Rosalie Carlebach, residing in Tel Aviv, Israel, sought restitution for multiple properties sold under duress. This action followed Hermann's arrest during the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938 and imprisonment in the Buchenwald concentration camp, which forced him to sell his assets and emigrate to Palestine in March 1939. The claims included houses at Brahmsstrasse 6, Brahmsstrasse 8, and Sandweg 44a, sold to Luise Lorch, Otto Wegemund, and Mathilde Funke respectively, as well as properties sold to Wilhelm, Reinhardt, Winter, Schütterle, and Heist. After Rosalie Carlebach's death, her heirs, Ilse Hirsch, Edith Sara Turczyn, Nathan Carlebach, and Manfred Carlebach, continued the claims. Hermann Carlebach also filed for compensation for harm to health suffered. The courts ordered the restitution of the properties, with various financial settlements detailed in the judgments based on Article 44 REG. In the Lorch case, a restitution mortgage of DM 1,150 was set, and a partial settlement of DM 1,430 was later agreed upon. In the Wegemund case, an initial payment of DM 78.85 was amended on appeal to DM 1,337.69. In the Funke case, the Carlebachs were ordered to pay DM 2,280 for a discharged mortgage and house tax, a sum Hermann later contested, claiming an overpayment of DM 500. The applicants were represented by the United Restitution Organization (URO) in Tel Aviv, the Legal Aid Department of the Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO) in Frankfurt am Main, and the Irgun Olej Merkaz Europa.
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  Szochet, Abraham, residing in Kfar Shmaryahu, Israel, reparations file.

  Abraham Szochet, a native of Łódź, Poland, residing in Kfar Shmaryahu, Israel, sought compensation for harm to liberty, including wearing the Yellow Badge and imprisonment in Łódź Ghetto (February 1940 - May 1942), Louisenheim forced labor camp near Posen (from May 1942 for approximately 6 months), Gutenbrunn forced labor camp near Posen (until August 1943), Auschwitz concentration camp (from August 1943), Świętochłowice-Eintrachthütte subcamp (until January 1945), Mauthausen concentration camp (January 1945 - February 1945), and Gusen II subcamp (February 1945 - May 5, 1945). He also sought compensation for forced labor performed at the nail factory in Łódź Ghetto, for the Holzmann company in Louisenheim and Gutenbrunn, at the Eintrachthütte facility in Świętochłowice, and for the Messerschmitt aircraft factory in Gusen II. Liberated on May 5, 1945, he traveled through Switzerland and France, immigrating to Israel in the fall of 1945. The applicant was awarded DM 9,300 for harm to liberty for the period between February 16, 1940, and May 5, 1945, and a further DM 450 by a decision on February 3, 1960, which settled all claims. The case was handled by the United Restitution Organization (URO) offices in Tel Aviv (MILTAM), and Frankfurt am Main.
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  Beifuss, Felix, residing in Petah Tikva, Israel, reparations file.

  Applicant Felix Beifuss, residing in Petah Tikva, Israel, a former commercial clerk (Prokurist) and business consultant from Frankfurt am Main, sought compensation for harm to profession, harm to education, and for punitive taxes paid (Judenvermögenabgabe, DeGo, and Reichsfluchtsteuer). Applicant also sought restitution for monetary assets and securities. He emigrated to Palestine in July 1938 to escape Nazi persecution and settled in Petah Tikva, working as an economic and tax advisor. The United Restitution Organization (URO) offices in Tel Aviv and Frankfurt am Main represented him before the compensation authority in Wiesbaden. In January 1955, he was awarded DM 11,975.34 for punitive taxes. In August 1955, he was awarded capital compensation of DM 25,000 for harm to profession, with the option of a pension. He chose the pension, and in February 1956, this was amended to a lifetime monthly pension of DM 500 starting March 1, 1956, plus back payments totaling DM 20,000. In September 1960, his pension was increased to DM 630 per month, and in March 1961, he was awarded an additional DM 4,692 for loss of goodwill. The cases of the applicants Sara Werthan, Rosa Braunschweiger, Margarete Sallis, Rosa Hirschmann were referenced for the handling of Good will and other compensation procedures.
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  Schalnikow, Alexander, residing in Pardes Hanna, Israel, reparations file.

  Alexander Schalnikow, residing in Pardes Hanna, Israel, sought compensation for harm to his profession after being dismissed in 1933 from his position as a district director for the Nürnberger Lebensversicherungs-AG in Frankfurt am Main due to his Jewish background. He also claimed compensation for emigration costs and losses from the forced sale of his household items before he emigrated to Palestine in February 1934. In 1955, he was awarded a capital compensation of DM 17,733.27, which was later converted in 1958 to a monthly pension of DM 600. In 1958, he also received DM 1,020 for loss of property and DM 200 for emigration costs. His case was handled by the United Restitution Organization (URO) offices in Tel Aviv and Frankfurt am Main, with support from Irgun Olej Merkaz Europa. Following Alexander Schalnikow's death on September 28, 1965, his widow, Dwora Schalnikow, successfully applied for a widow's pension, which was granted at DM 481 per month starting October 1, 1965. Both Alexander's and later Dwora's pensions were increased multiple times over the years in accordance with adjustments to German compensation laws.
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  Pollak, Jakob, residing in Kfar Ata, Israel, reparations file.

  Jakob Pollak, a resident of Kfar Ata, Israel, and pre-war timber wholesaler from Ujpest, Hungary, sought compensation for harm to liberty. His persecution included being forced to wear a yellow armband and conscription into a Hungarian forced labor battalion from July 1942 to August 1943, where he was sent to the Carpathians and the Eastern Front near Voronezh and Korotschen. He was later confined in the Ujpest ghetto from April to June 1944, deported to Auschwitz concentration camp from June to October 1944, and then transferred to Kaufering concentration camp from October 1944 until his liberation on May 1, 1945. After the war, he stayed in the Bad Reichenhall DP camp, returned to Hungary, and immigrated to Israel in 1950. Following his death in 1956, his son, Jehuda Porat of Beer Sheva, continued the claim as his heir, receiving a settlement of DM 3,300 for 22 months of detention under §§ 43 and 47 BEG. Jakob Pollak's first wife, Lenke Pollak (née Spitzer), and their daughter, Anna Pollak, went missing after being deported from Ujpest in the summer of 1944. His mother, Rosalie Pollak (née Deutsch), also went missing after being deported from Baja in the summer of 1944. The claim was handled by the URO offices in Tel Aviv, Haifa, and Frankfurt, as well as by MILTAM. Dwora Lustgarten (née Goldman), a resident of Ramat Gan, Israel, sought compensation for harm to life on behalf of her father, Mosche Goldman, and for harm to her own liberty. Before the war, she was a student in Miedzyrzec, Poland. Her mother, Chaja Goldman, was forced to wear the Yellow Star in Miedzyrzec from late 1939 to late 1941. Dwora was a forced laborer at the Buerstenfabrik in Miedzyrzec from 1942 to May 1943, in Skarzysko-Kamienna Hasag camp from July 1943 to October 1944, and in Częstochowa Hasag camp from October 1944 to January 1945. After the war, she was in the Bad Reichenhall DP camp, attended a tailoring school, married in Warsaw on November 15, 1945, and emigrated to Israel in May 1948. The claim for her father's death was rejected due to conflicting testimonies; she stated he was shot in February 1940, but another affidavit from her claimed both parents were deported to Treblinka in the summer of 1942 and perished there. Her mother, Chaja Goldman, went missing following a mass action against Jews (Judenaktion) in Miedzyrzec at the end of 1941. Dwora Lustgarten's five siblings also perished during the persecution. Her case was handled by the URO offices in Munich and Tel Aviv, with the assistance of MILTAM.
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  Zloczower, David, residing in Tel Aviv, Israel, reparations file.

  Josef Zloczower of Tel Aviv, Israel, acting on behalf of the heirs, sought compensation for harm to liberty and health suffered by his father, Moses Zloczower, who was forced to wear the Yellow Badge in Wischnitz starting in July 1941 and was deported to the Djurin ghetto in Transnistria (October 1941 - March 1944). Compensation was also sought for harm to health suffered by Moses's wife, Rachel Zloczower, who was also deported to the Djurin ghetto. The file indicates that their children, David Zloczower, Malcia Rosenstock (née Zloczower), and Josef Zloczower himself, were also deported to Djurin. After Josef Zloczower's death, his sister-in-law, Bronia Zloczower, continued the claims. The heirs were granted DM 4,650 for Moses Zloczower's harm to liberty and offered a settlement of DM 14,359.40 for Rachel Zloczower's harm to health. The case was handled by the United Restitution Organization (URO) offices in Tel Aviv, Frankfurt/Main, Berlin, and Cologne.
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  Harschalom (Friedberg), Abraham, residing in Givataim, Israel, reparations file.

  Abraham Harschalom (Friedberg), a resident of Ramat Gan, Israel, sought compensation for the loss of liberty he suffered during the Nazi era and for the loss of life of his family. Before the war, Abraham Harschalom was a student in Pruzany, Poland, where he was later forced to wear a Jewish star, perform forced labor, and was confined to the Pruzany ghetto from August 1941 to January 1943. Following the ghetto's liquidation, he was deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau (February 1943 - October 1944), where he was tattooed with the number 99288, and was subsequently imprisoned in the concentration camps of Oranienburg, Sachsenhausen, Ohrdruf (November 1944 - January 1945), Grawinkel (January 1945 - April 1945), Buchenwald, and Leitmeritz. He was forced on a death march from Grawinkel to Buchenwald in April 1945, before escaping a transport to Prague and being liberated on May 9, 1945. His parents, Moses and Zira Friedberg (née Galpern), were deported from the Pruzany ghetto to Auschwitz on February 2, 1943, and were murdered in the gas chambers immediately upon arrival. His older brother, Sioma Friedberg, was also deported to Auschwitz, where he was assigned prisoner number 99287 and perished in March 1943. After the war, Abraham Harschalom studied electrical engineering in Aussig, Czechoslovakia, from 1945 to 1949, and then immigrated to Israel in April 1949. On February 15, 1960, the Restitution Office in Koblenz awarded him compensation of DM 6,750 for 45 months of damage to liberty based on §§ 43-50 and § 160 of the Federal Compensation Law (BEG), though his claim for loss of life was not pursued further due to a lack of evidence. The claim was handled by the URO office in Frankfurt am Main and the MILTAM office in Tel Aviv.
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  Lefkowitz (née Frank), Ilana, residing in Tel Aviv, Israel, reparations file.

  Ilana Lefkowitz, residing in Tel Aviv, Israel, seeks a hardship compensation and restitution for jewelry and precious metals previously belonging to her mother, Auguste Frank, who was forced to wear the Yellow Badge and perished in a gassing action in March 1944 following deportation from Theresienstadt ghetto (July 13, 1943 - September 6, 1943) to Auschwitz concentration camp. The applicant's sister, Rosa Kulka (née Frank), was also forced to wear the Yellow Badge and perished alongside her mother in Auschwitz in March 1944. Her brother, Heinrich Frank, perished in Auschwitz at the end of 1942 after being deported from France, while another brother, Emanuel Frank, survived deportation to Theresienstadt and Auschwitz (tattoo number 170132). Ilana Lefkowitz fled Neu-Oderberg in October 1939 and immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine on June 27, 1946. In April 1971, she and her surviving siblings, Emil Frank and Regina Frankel, were jointly granted a hardship compensation of 2,000 DM under § 44a of the Federal Restitution Law (BRÜG). The case was handled by the URO offices in Tel Aviv and Berlin.
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  Lubinski, Necha, residing in Tel Aviv, Israel, reparations file.

  This file primarily contains administrative documents considering the question if Necha Lubinski can be considered the lawfully heir and widow to Hans Lubinski, a former applicant at the United Restitution Organization (URO). The documnts include receipts and a German translation of a Hebrew court document. The translation confirms Necha Lubinski, residing at Liebermann Str. 7 in Tel Aviv, is the widow of Hans Lubinski, who passed away in Tel Aviv on February 15, 1966. A letter from the URO's Israel Office dated September 1, 1966, forwards this widow's certificate to the German Federal Administration Office to continue pension payments to Necha. Statistical sheets also mention a 'Jud. Gemeinde' (Jewish Community) department's involvement in processing claims.
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  Kamil (née Hornstein), Dwora, residing in Rehovot, Israel, reparations file.

  Dvora Kamil, residing in Rehovot, Israel, sought compensation for a grocery store and household items lost due to her deportation from Radautz to Transnistria on October 11, 1941, where she was held until March 1944. After liberation, she lived in Radautz until immigrating to Israel in August 1950. On July 30, 1970, the Ausgleichsamt Bremen rejected her application for property damage compensation under the Lastenausgleichsgesetz (LAG), stating she failed to prove her German ethnic affiliation as required, despite being part of the German language and cultural circle. The case was handled by the United Restitution Organization (URO) offices in Tel Aviv and Frankfurt am Main.
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  Lejzor, Josef, residing in Ramat Gan, Israel, reparations file.

  Josef Lejzor, born on May 5, 1922, in Łomża, Poland, and later a resident of Ramat Gan, Israel, sought restitution for precious metal items and jewelry seized in 1939 in Ostrołęka, Poland. The property belonged to his parents, Aaron Lejzor and Rachel Lejzor (née Rosen), with whom he lived at the time of the seizure. His parents, Aaron (born ca. 1876 in Ostrołęka) and Rachel (born ca. 1884 in Łomża), were deported from Ostrołęka to Łomża in 1939, and about a month later to the Kleck Ghetto, where they perished. The restitution claim was handled by the United Restitution Organization (URO) offices in Tel Aviv and Berlin.
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  Klug, Paul, residing in Ramat Gan, Israel, reparations file.

  Paul Klug, residing in Ramat Gan, Israel, sought compensation for harm to liberty and health suffered during Nazi persecution. Born in Reichenbach, Germany, he was expelled to Poland in October 1938 as part of the 'Polen-Aktion'. His imprisonments included ZAL Einrode camp (March 1941 - September 1941), Annaberg camp (from September 1941), and Blechhammer camp (late 1942/September 1941 - February 1945). His first wife, Rifka Klug (née Buda), and their two children, Hanoch (born 1934) and Fela (born 1936), were deported from Dankow and perished. After the war, Klug stayed in the DP camp in Nandlstadt from approximately November 1946 until emigrating to Israel in July 1948. His claim for harm to liberty was settled in 1958 for DM 4,500, but his subsequent claim for harm to health was rejected in 1970 because the prior settlement covered all claims. The case was managed by the United Restitution Organization (URO) offices in Tel Aviv and Munich, with involvement from the URO Central Office in Frankfurt.
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  Baumring, Michael, residing in Givat Rambam, Israel, reparations file.

  Michael Baumring, born on October 26, 1942, in Petach Tikva, Palestine (now Israel), sought compensation for harm to his education, represented by his father, Josef Baumring. The family resided in Givat Rambam, Israel. The claim was based on the premise that his father, who was persecuted and emigrated from Cologne, Germany in July 1935, could not afford his son's intended dentistry studies due to the financial consequences of persecution. Michael's mother, Grete Amalie Baumring (née Salm), had also emigrated from Neuss, Germany, in 1935 and had a separate claim. The claim for educational damages, filed under § 119 of the Federal Compensation Law (BEG) for a subsidy up to 5,000 DM, was dismissed by the Cologne Regional Court on July 1, 1959. The court ruled that the law did not apply to children born after their parents' persecution had ended, so Michael received no compensation. The United Restitution Organization (URO) in Tel Aviv and Cologne handled the case, and the Irgun Olej Merkas Europa provided a certificate detailing the family's financial hardship. His father's own claim was approved under Reg. Nr. ZK 615 859 from the district president Cologne.
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  Spanier, Sami, residing in Tel Aviv, Israel, reparations file.

  Sami Spanier, a commercial correspondent and journalist born in Botoșani, Romania, was residing in Bucharest when he was conscripted into forced labor in August 1941. He was detained in the camp of Chitila from August 1941 to early 1942, followed by a period of forced residence in Botoșani until September 1944. After the war, he lived in Bucharest until emigrating to Israel on February 21, 1952. Residing in Tel Aviv, he sought compensation under the Lastenausgleichsgesetz (LAG) for the loss of household items and business property from Bucharest. He also pursued a separate compensation claim (Entschädigungssache/BEG-Sache) for harm to liberty and health through the Wiedergutmachungsamt (WGA) Neustadt/Berlin. The LAG claim was handled by the United Restitution Organization (URO) offices in Tel Aviv and Frankfurt am Main and was eventually withdrawn by the applicant in September 1971.
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  Alt (Kliersfeld), Israel, residing in Tel Aviv, Israel, reparations file.

  Israel Alt, residing in Tel Aviv, Israel, sought compensation for harm to profession, claiming pension rights for his employment as a teacher and educator at the Jewish Children's Sanatorium in Bad Kreuznach, Germany. Born as Isidor Kliersfeld in Hamborn on July 26, 1913, he worked at the sanatorium from April 1936 until his deportation to Zbaszyn, Poland, in October 1938 as part of the 'Polenaktion'. His case was handled by the United Restitution Organization (URO) in Tel Aviv and the Conference on Jewish Material Claims against Germany in Bonn. The claim was withdrawn on February 16, 1956, after investigations questioned the sanatorium's status as a public institution and his role as a teacher, thus preventing any compensation decision.
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  Menche (née Erdberg), Sara, residing in Gdera, Israel, reparations file.

  Sara Mincha (née Erdberg), residing in Gedera, Israel, sought hardship compensation and restitution for precious metal items and jewelry seized from her parents, Jechiel and Riwka Erdberg (née Gimpel), in Izbica Kujawska, Poland, in early 1940. Before the war, Sara lived with her parents and witnessed the seizure. Her parents and siblings, Akiwa Erdberg, Alta Lubinska (née Erdberg), Chana Erdberg, and Rosa Erdberg, were deported from Izbica Kujawska around 1941 and perished in the Chełmno extermination camp between 1941 and 1942. Sara immigrated to Israel on October 4, 1950. On February 22, 1974, she was granted a hardship compensation of DM 2,400 under § 44a of the Federal Restitution Law (BRüG). The case was handled by the United Restitution Organization (URO) offices in Tel Aviv and Berlin.
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  Witt, Fritz Max, residing in Givatajim, Israel, reparations file.

  Fritz Max Witt of Givatayim, Israel, sought compensation for real estate in Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany, left behind in 1941 due to persecution, which belonged to his parents, Felix (Raffael) Witt and Gertrud Witt (née Rosentreter). His father died in Theresienstadt between September 28 and October 4, 1943. His mother was deported from the Radinkendorf Jewish Labor Home to Theresienstadt on October 4, 1942, and then to Auschwitz on May 16, 1944, where she went missing. The applicant's sister, Charlotte Rosenthal (née Witt), also went missing after being deported from Berlin to Auschwitz on March 2, 1943. Fritz Max Witt emigrated from Brandenburg to Shanghai, China, on January 4, 1939, and immigrated to Israel on February 17, 1949. He was awarded DM 29,786.00 in compensation under the Lastenausgleichsgesetz (LAG), a process handled by the United Restitution Organization (URO) offices in Tel Aviv and Frankfurt am Main.
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  Bütow (née Rosenberg), Susanne, residing in Berlin, Germany, Germany, reparations file.

  Margot Ambuss, residing in Kadima, Israel, and her sister Gerda Pommer, also residing in Kadima, were co-claimants in restitution claims for assets previously belonging to their mother, Susanne Buetow. Susanne Buetow went missing following her deportation on December 14, 1942. The claims included precious metal items and jewelry, monetary assets and bank securities that were expropriated and paid as punitive taxes such as Judenvermögensabgabe (Jewish Property Levy) and Reichsfluchtsteuer (Reich Flight Tax), and a seized savings account. The applicant, Margot Ambuss, had emigrated from Germany in October 1935. Other family members who were victims of deportation included her sisters, Ilse Pinkus (née Buetow) and Eva Lehmann (née Buetow), and her brother-in-law, Gabriel Lehmann, who also survived imprisonment in Auschwitz. The claimants were awarded DM 2,500 for precious metal items and DM 3,100 for securities under the BRÜG (Bundesrückerstattungsgesetz), with DM 600 of the latter amount being paid to the State of Berlin. The United Restitution Organization (URO) offices in Tel Aviv and Berlin were involved in handling the case.
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  Pelzman (née Grinbaum), Chana, residing in Ness Ziona, Israel, reparations file.

  Chana Pelzman, born in Rejowiec, Poland, on July 7, 1922, and later a resident of Ness Ziona, Israel, sought restitution for precious metal items and jewelry. These items were seized from her in Zamość in 1939/1940 and following her deportation to the Majdanek concentration camp in 1943. Restitution was also sought for jewelry and precious metals belonging to her mother, Necha Grinbaum, which were seized in Rejowiec around 1940/1941. Necha Grinbaum perished in 1941, and Chana's two sisters, Mirjam Grinbaum and Szoszana Grinbaum, also perished during the Holocaust. Around 1938, Chana had moved to Zamość to work as a furniture polisher in her aunt's factory. She survived the Holocaust and immigrated to Israel in 1948. On January 4, 1974, the Oberfinanzdirektion Berlin granted her a hardship compensation of 2,200 DM under § 44a of the Federal Restitution Law (BRÜG). The case was handled by the United Restitution Organization (URO) offices in Tel Aviv and Berlin.
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  Zwi (née Freund), Bella, residing in Givatajim, Israel, reparations file.

  Bella Zwi, residing in Givatajim, Israel, seeks compensation for harm to profession and harm to liberty suffered, previously belonging to her mother, Carola Meller (née Freund), who went missing after moving to Lemberg in 1934 and was later declared dead. Compensation also sought for harm to profession previously belonging to her brother, Heinrich Freund, who went missing after moving to Lemberg and was later declared dead. The applicant's paternal grandfather, Michael Freund, died in Heidelberg in 1938. The applicant's aunt, Gisela, died in Heidelberg in December, and her uncle, Mendel Friedmann, died in Vienna in the autumn of 1939. Bella Zwi, born in Karlsruhe in 1911, lived in Nuremberg until 1935, when she left Lemberg. A settlement for harm to liberty for Carola Meller was proposed for DM 4,500, but the claim was rejected by the Munich I Regional Court on March 19, 1964, based on § 4 Abs. I Nr. 1 c BEG, § 149 ff BEG, and § 1 of the BVFG, as her move to Poland, her country of nationality, was not considered emigration and she was not a displaced person. The case involved the United Restitution Organization (URO) offices in Tel Aviv, Munich, and Berlin, and also mentioned the Jewish Institute for Contemporary History in Warsaw and the Irgun Olej Merkas Europa.
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  Troman (née Opoczynski), Rachel, residing in Jaffa, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, reparations file.

  Rachel Troman (née Opoczynski, formerly Knopf), born in Kroszniewice, Poland, sought compensation for harm to liberty resulting from her incarceration in the Łódź Ghetto from February 1940 until its liquidation in August 1944, where she was forced to wear a yellow badge. Subsequently, she was deported to Auschwitz, where she was held in the Zigeunerlager (Gypsy camp), then to Bergen-Belsen, where she was in the Zeltlager (Tent Camp), and finally to the Elsnig labor camp until her liberation in April 1945. After the war, she lived in the Heidenheim Displaced Persons (DP) camp in Germany before immigrating to Israel in 1948 and later moved to Brooklyn, New York. She also sought compensation for harm to life for her first husband, Chaim Leib Knopf, who was deported from the Łódź Ghetto to Auschwitz in August 1944 and is presumed to have been murdered. Through the United Restitution Organization (URO) offices in Tel Aviv, Frankfurt/Main, and New York, she filed claims with the Landesamt für die Wiedergutmachung in Stuttgart and was awarded a settlement of DM 9,750 for 65 months of imprisonment.